御史大夫

御史大夫
官名。 秦始置, 西汉沿置, 秩中二千石。 《汉书·百官公卿表》谓"掌副丞相"。 西汉丞相位缺, 常以其递补。 同书颜师古注引应劭曰: "侍御史之率, 故称大夫云。 "同书《高帝纪》》又云皇帝诏书由"御史大夫(周昌)下相国, 相国酂侯(萧何)下诸侯王"。 职务类似后来的尚书令, 此为汉初之情况。 通常谓御史职掌监察, 然主管非御史大夫, 而是其下的御史中丞。 成帝绥和元年(前8), 仿古制设三公, 改大夫为大司空。 东汉又改为司空。 大司空(司空)不在御史台。 "侍御史之率"的名义改属中丞。 晋以后多不置御史大夫。 唐复置, 专掌监察执法。 宋不除大夫, 以中丞为台长。 明洪武中改御史台为都察院, 御史大夫之官遂废。
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官名。 秦始置, 西漢沿置, 秩中二千石。 《漢書·百官公卿表》謂"掌副丞相"。 西漢丞相位缺, 常以其遞補。 同書顏師古注引應劭曰: "侍御史之率, 故稱大夫雲。 "同書《高帝紀》》又雲皇帝詔書由"御史大夫(周昌)下相國, 相國酂侯(蕭何)下諸侯王"。 職務類似後來的尚書令, 此為漢初之情況。 通常謂禦史職掌監察, 然主管非御史大夫, 而是其下的禦史中丞。 成帝綏和元年(前8), 仿古制設三公, 改大夫為大司空。 東漢又改為司空。 大司空(司空)不在禦史台。 "侍御史之率"的名義改屬中丞。 晉以後多不置御史大夫。 唐複置, 專掌監察執法。 宋不除大夫, 以中丞為台長。 明洪武中改禦史台為都察院, 御史大夫之官遂廢。

Chinese Collegiate Historical dictionary of bureaucratic ranks (Simple and traditional Chinese characters). 2013.

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